{"id":1595,"date":"2025-05-10T15:03:19","date_gmt":"2025-05-10T15:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/?p=1595"},"modified":"2025-07-11T16:09:26","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T16:09:26","slug":"microsoft-interview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/microsoft-interview\/","title":{"rendered":"Microsoft Interview"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1595\" class=\"elementor elementor-1595\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31ecfef1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"31ecfef1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2787ab01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2787ab01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34db4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34db4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Microsoft Interview Tips: Real Questions Answers &amp; OA Interviews<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d663c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d663c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Microsoft Interview Prep: Questions &amp; OA Walkthrough<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5029d88f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5029d88f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/north-america-big-tech-proxy-interviewing\/\" target=\"_blank\">Microsoft OA Interview - Microsoft Interview Assistance<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dff9ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"22dff9ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1016ff69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1016ff69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-sourcepos=\"3:1-3:167\">Microsoft's Software Engineer hiring process typically begins with a careful resume screening that focuses on relevant experience and specific technical skills. Candidates may then be required to complete one or two rounds of online testing (OA), which evaluates coding and problem-solving skills and is a critical step in subsequent phases. In some cases, the resume and OA are followed by an initial screening call with the recruiter to learn about the candidate's background, interests, and fit with Microsoft's core values and technical direction.<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"5:1-5:122\">After a successful online test, applicants typically move on to one or two rounds of phone interviews. These interviews are designed to assess the candidate's technical skills, often through programming exercises and algorithmic questions, and will review the applicant's previous projects and experience. The phone interviews not only look at coding skills, but also assess problem-solving ideas and communication effectiveness, and are an opportunity to demonstrate how challenges are addressed and solutions are conceptualized.<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"7:1-7:164\">After a successful phone interview, candidates move on to Onsite Rounds, which typically consists of four to five rounds of interviews, each lasting approximately 45 minutes to an hour, with the interviews closely spaced. Onsite interviews are a combination of coding, system design, and behavioral questions designed to fully assess the candidate's technical proficiency and cultural fit in a dynamic Microsoft work environment. During the interview, candidates may be required to solve problems on a whiteboard to demonstrate the ability to think and code under pressure.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eac9f6e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1eac9f6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a2387 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f7a2387\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;],&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:25,&quot;sticky_parent&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27c3d2a7 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aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__4809d0a2\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close Catalog\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__4809d0a2\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f61c3bb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1f61c3bb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70760c72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"70760c72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img alt=\"\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"837\" height=\"837\" src=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20250711_235759.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4438\" srcset=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20250711_235759.png 837w, https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20250711_235759-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20250711_235759-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20250711_235759-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20250711_235759-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-490bd009 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"490bd009\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/interview-proxy\/\">If you need OA assistance, please contact us<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f52f0ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5f52f0ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61dddfae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61dddfae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c4df3c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c4df3c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Job Type<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b0c01f elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8b0c01f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/download-the-latest-microsoft-interview-questions\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-long-arrow-alt-right\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M313.941 216H12c-6.627 0-12 5.373-12 12v56c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h301.941v46.059c0 21.382 25.851 32.09 40.971 16.971l86.059-86.059c9.373-9.373 9.373-24.569 0-33.941l-86.059-86.059c-15.119-15.119-40.971-4.411-40.971 16.971V216z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Download Latest Microsoft Interview Questions<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38285d6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38285d6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5df60571 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5df60571\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42c9251e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42c9251e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SDE<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-381ea6aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"381ea6aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Responsibilities:Responsible for designing, developing, testing and maintaining software products and systems. Covering a wide range of areas, from operating systems, office software to cloud computing, artificial intelligence, etc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d37ef1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d37ef1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interviews look at technical points: Data Structures and Algorithms, System Design, Programming Skills, Computer Fundamentals, Domain Specific Technologies (Frontend, Backend, Cloud, ML, etc. depending on the team).<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cbc3fd9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5cbc3fd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aaa502e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1aaa502e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">data scientist<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16a8c3e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16a8c3e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Responsibilities:Extract valuable insights from massive amounts of data using statistics, machine learning and data analytics techniques and build data-driven products and solutions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57652735 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"57652735\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interviews examine technical points: statistics and probability, machine learning theory and applications, data processing and analysis, SQL, experimental design, programming skills (Python\/R), business understanding and modeling.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1db982c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1db982c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe48491 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe48491\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">cloud engineer<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ac515b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ac515b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Responsibilities:Design, deployment, management and optimization of cloud computing platforms (specifically Microsoft Azure). Deep understanding of cloud services, infrastructure, automation and DevOps practices is required.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-682f6939 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"682f6939\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interviews examine technical points: Microsoft Azure services, cloud computing fundamentals, automation and scripting, DevOps practices (CI\/CD, Monitoring), cloud security, troubleshooting and performance optimization.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-358a8e6f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"358a8e6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a6dc32a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a6dc32a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">research scientist<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63f12569 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63f12569\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Responsibilities: Research and innovation in cutting-edge technologies at Microsoft Research and other departments.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ab449df elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ab449df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interviews examine technical points: in-depth technical domain expertise, research skills and innovativeness, academic background and achievements, ability to solve open-ended problems, programming skills (usually more demanding).<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49cf0e60 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"49cf0e60\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1db4dc2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1db4dc2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SDE Interview Key Areas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee854f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee854f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a4b78ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a4b78ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-sourcepos=\"1:1-1:148\">When preparing for a Microsoft software engineering interview, it is vital to familiarize yourself with the various programming question types. Among them, basic Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA), Backtracking and Two Pointers are the most common question types. However, Microsoft programming interviews seem to have a higher propensity for Backtracking questions compared to other companies. Also worth noting are smaller categories like Graphs and Simulation that are relatively less common, but can play a key role in determining the success of an interview. This diversity requires a more comprehensive preparation strategy that goes beyond focusing on the typical high-frequency points.<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"3:1-3:184\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-7\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-7\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Features<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Percentage<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Misc<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">14.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Simulation<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2.9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Two Pointers<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">10.3%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Adv. Data Structure<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">10.3%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Backtracking<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">11.8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Basic Data Structure and Algorithm<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">11.8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Binary Search<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">5.9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Heap<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">7.4%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Graph<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2.9%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Dynamic Programing<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">4.4%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Depth-First Search<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">10.3%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Breadth-First Search<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">7.4%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"1:1-1:146\">Programming interview questions at Microsoft are usually difficult but still manageable. Candidates will often encounter questions involving backtracking, dynamic programming, and double pointers. While these questions are challenging, they are generally not as difficult as Google or Apple interview questions, making the difficulty level slightly more palatable for candidates.<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"3:1-3:56\">If you look at the percentage of difficulty of the questions, only 15.61 TP6T were easy questions, the percentage of medium difficulty questions was as high as 63.31 TP6T, and the remaining 21.11 TP6T were high difficulty interview questions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b198a61 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b198a61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d021f48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1d021f48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Questions and Difficulty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f648518 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f648518\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-8\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-8\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Common Interview Questions<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Examining technical points<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">degree of difficulty or ease<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Longest Happy String<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Pile, miscellaneous<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">medium difficulty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Minimum deletion amount to make a character frequency unique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Basic Data Structures and Algorithms, Miscellaneous<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">medium difficulty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Integer to English words<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">backtracking algorithm<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">challenging<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Symbols for the product of arrays<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Basic Data Structures and Algorithms<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">liable (to)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">LRU cache<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Basic Data Structures and Algorithms<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">medium difficulty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Maximum length of concatenated strings with unique characters<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">backtracking algorithm<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">medium difficulty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Number of islands<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Advanced data structures, breadth-first search, depth-first search<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">medium difficulty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Find N unique integers that sum to zero<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Basic Data Structures and Algorithms<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">liable (to)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Compute the good node in a binary tree<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Breadth-first search, depth-first search<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">medium difficulty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Reversing words in a string II<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">dual-pointer<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">medium difficulty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-238ffddc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"238ffddc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a9208d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a9208d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Microsoft OA (online assessment)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5003b911 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5003b911\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Microsoft's Online Assessment (OA) is a part of its hiring process used for initial screening of candidates. The main purpose is to quickly assess a candidate's technical skills, especially programming fundamentals, data structures, algorithm applications, and problem-solving abilities, before a formal interview. This helps Microsoft to efficiently identify potential technical talents from a large number of applicants.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31c51347 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31c51347\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Junior Software Engineer<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-294f097d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"294f097d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li data-sourcepos=\"14:1-20:0\"><p data-sourcepos=\"14:3-14:13\"><strong>Highlights of the technical mission.<\/strong><\/p><ul data-sourcepos=\"15:5-20:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"15:5-15:19\">Solid foundation in data structures and algorithms.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"16:5-16:45\">Proficiency in at least one programming language (C++, Java, C#, Python, etc.).<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"17:5-17:20\">Ability to solve moderately difficult algorithmic problems.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"18:5-18:20\">Understand basic object-oriented programming concepts.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"19:5-20:0\">Ability to communicate clear ideas.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"21:1-27:0\"><p data-sourcepos=\"21:3-21:12\"><strong>Common Interview Questions.<\/strong><\/p><ol data-sourcepos=\"22:5-27:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"22:5-22:69\">Given an array of integers and a target value, find the two numbers in the array whose sum is the target value. You can assume that each input corresponds to only one answer and that the same elements cannot be reused.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"23:5-23:16\">Reverse a single linked table.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"24:5-24:38\">Implementing a Queue allows only two Stacks to be used.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"25:5-25:29\">Hierarchical order traversal of binary trees (breadth-first search BFS).<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"26:5-27:0\">Checks if a string is a valid sequence of parentheses (e.g. \"()[]{}\" is valid, \"([)]\" is not).<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0f245a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0f245a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Senior Software Engineer<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40d8734d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40d8734d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li data-sourcepos=\"32:1-39:0\"><p data-sourcepos=\"32:3-32:13\"><strong>Highlights of the technical mission.<\/strong><\/p><ul data-sourcepos=\"33:5-39:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"33:5-33:31\">Proficient in common data structures and algorithms and able to solve more complex algorithmic problems.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"34:5-34:39\">A good foundation in systems design and the ability to design a medium-sized system or a component of an existing system.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"35:5-35:24\">In-depth understanding of object-oriented design and common design patterns.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"36:5-36:26\">Familiarity with concurrent programming or multithreading (depending on the specific position).<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"37:5-37:25\">Be able to weigh different technical solutions and explain their advantages and disadvantages.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"38:5-39:0\">Demonstrate leadership and mentoring potential in technical discussions.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"40:1-46:0\"><p data-sourcepos=\"40:3-40:12\"><strong>Common Interview Questions.<\/strong><\/p><ol data-sourcepos=\"41:5-46:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"41:5-41:21\">Merge K sorted linked lists.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"42:5-42:56\">Find the Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) of two nodes in a binary tree.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"43:5-43:31\">Design a Rate Limiter.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"44:5-44:26\">Searches for a target value in a rotationally sorted array.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"45:5-46:0\">Design of a URL shortening service (focusing on core functionality and data model design).<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e101eff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6e101eff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chief Software Engineer<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a57c3ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a57c3ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li data-sourcepos=\"51:1-58:0\"><p data-sourcepos=\"51:3-51:13\"><strong>Highlights of the technical mission.<\/strong><\/p><ul data-sourcepos=\"52:5-58:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"52:5-52:25\">Deep expertise in one or more technical areas.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"53:5-53:23\">Ability to design complex, large-scale distributed systems.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"54:5-54:35\">In-depth understanding of concepts such as system architecture, scalability, availability, consistency, and fault tolerance.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"55:5-55:33\">Ability to deal with ambiguity, break it down and propose multiple viable technical solutions.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"56:5-56:33\">Exceptional technical leadership with the ability to influence teams and even organizations on technical body decisions.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"57:5-58:0\">Strong insights into technology trends.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"59:1-65:0\"><p data-sourcepos=\"59:3-59:12\"><strong>Common Interview Questions.<\/strong><\/p><ol data-sourcepos=\"60:5-65:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"60:5-60:63\">Designing a Twitter-like dynamic messaging (News Feed) system requires consideration of write amplification, read amplification, caching, storage, and so on.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"61:5-61:61\">How to design a highly available distributed Key-Value Store? Discuss data distribution, replication, consistency models, and more.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"62:5-62:38\">Design a Distributed Queue.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"63:5-63:59\">Discuss what was the biggest challenge you encountered in designing a large system? How did you analyze the problem and solve it? (Open-ended questions incorporating personal experience)<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"64:5-65:0\">How would you consider the trade-off between data consistency and latency if you needed to design a cross-regional (Geo-Distributed) online service?<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53f4e444 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"53f4e444\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Behavior Questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-254de8d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"254de8d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Behavioral interview process is frankly the interviewer wants to see how you are this person, teamwork is good, how to solve problems. When preparing for the interview, you can think about the projects that made you feel most accomplished in the past, the technical problems you encountered, how you handled a disagreement with a colleague, and how you learned from your mistakes. When answering, you can use the STAR method, that is, first say<strong>Situation<\/strong>And then say your<strong>Task<\/strong> What is it? Go on, tell me exactly what it is.<strong>Action taken<\/strong>And finally.<strong>Result<\/strong> What it is. This tells the story in a well-organized way.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4150e75c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4150e75c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interview Prep<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24ca2caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24ca2caa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Microsoft especially looks at the fundamentals. You need to be able to play with arrays, chained lists, trees, graphs, hash tables, and so on, and know what's going on with the various sorting and searching algorithms, and whether the complexity is O(n) or O(n log n), and you need to be clear about it. The best way is to go to a website like LeetCode (\u529b\u6263), practice more, brush by type, and look at Microsoft's frequently asked questions. When writing code, don't just write, but talk about your thoughts while writing, so that the interviewer knows what you are thinking. Choose the language you know best and practice it, Python, Java, C++.<\/p><p>A week before the interview remember to go over your project again, can speak clearly; understand what products and technologies Microsoft has, do not ask a question, do not know; do not forget to ask the interviewer a few good questions at the end of the interview, show your interest; conditions allow, it is best to find people<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\">mock interview<\/a><\/strong>A few times, to practice the feeling.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-690dd40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"690dd40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">System Design Sample Problem Solving<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebeef67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ebeef67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Title: Identify and filter fraudulent transactions in real-time for Microsoft's Azure billing system.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Non-functional needs:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Hundreds of thousands of queries processed per second during peak periods<\/li><li>High availability, no downtime even with regional failures<\/li><li>Fault tolerance, the system should be able to gracefully handle the failure of a single component or data center<\/li><li>Low latency, fraud detection should be accomplished in near real time within a few tens of milliseconds<\/li><li>Accuracy, minimizing false alarms and missed alarms<\/li><li>Cost-effective and efficient utilization of cloud resources<\/li><\/ul><p>This is to examine the candidate's grasp of the overall architecture of the real-time fraud detection system, especially in the very high concurrency, high availability, low latency and accuracy of these points, the candidate immediately with the interviewer to confirm some details, such as the specific definition of \"fraud\", need to pay attention to what types of anomalous behavior (eg: Unusually large purchases, multiple transactions across geographies in a short period of time, unusual resource creation behavior, etc.). Then I followed the interviewer's lead and indicated the direction of the discussion, whether I wanted to talk about the detailed design of the API and data model first, or build the high-level architecture first, and the discussion points were roughly:<\/p><p><strong>System Design Discussion.<\/strong><\/p><p>Do you want me to discuss the data models for transactions and user profiles, and the API for submitting transactions? (\u60a8\u662f\u60f3\u6211\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u7528\u6237\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u6613\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684 API for submitting transactions?)<\/p><p>Or do you want me to discuss the high-level infrastructure components for real-time fraud detection first?<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"28:1-28:405\">The interviewer said to start with the high-level components first, requiring candidates to work around the points of data inflow (Event Hub\/Kafka), real-time processing engine (Stream Analytics\/Flink\/Spark Streaming), rules engine (CEP, Complex Event Processing), machine learning modeling services ( Azure Machine Learning\/TensorFlow Serving), feature storage (Redis\/Cosmos DB), and alerting and disposition (Function Apps\/Logic Apps), while emphasizing how to ensure high availability and fault tolerance through multi-live architecture, data partitioning, asynchronous processing, and elastic scaling. availability and fault tolerance, and utilizing caching and in-memory computing to reduce latency. In terms of ensuring accuracy, it also mentioned how to combine historical data training models, real-time feature engineering, and manual review mechanisms. This part of the conversation feels okay, mainly to show the breadth and depth of your thinking, as well as the ability to trade-off under different needs.<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"30:1-30:35\">The system design chat lasted about 20 minutes or so, then it was time for the algorithms session. The interviewer gave this question:<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"30:1-30:35\"><strong>Coding Problem.<\/strong><\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"30:1-30:35\">Given a stream of transaction data, design and implement a component that detects an abnormal spike in transaction counts for a specific user during a rolling time window. Specifically, if a user's transaction count in the past minute is the average of its transaction count in the past hour <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">N<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> times or more, it is marked as abnormal.<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"30:1-30:35\">This question is not particularly difficult, but there are a lot of details, the first reaction to the question is to ask about the structure of the input data (such as user ID, timestamp, amount, etc.), as well as the specific definition and parameters of the \"abnormal peaks\". <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">N<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> value range, and the granularity of the time window (minutes, hours), the interviewer said to start with the assumption that the transaction data is streamed in JSON format containing the userId, timestamp, amount fields, the<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">N<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> It can be any positive floating point number and the time window is accurate to the second.<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"30:1-30:35\"><strong>Problem Solving Ideas:<\/strong><\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"38:1-39:103\">First, we need to maintain two sliding windows for each user: one for transaction counts in a one-minute window, and another for transaction counts in an hourly window. This can be done using the<strong>hash table<\/strong>(or a similar structure) is implemented, where the key is a userId and the value is a queue or list containing a timestamp.<\/p><p data-sourcepos=\"41:1-41:6\">Specifics on realization:<\/p><ol data-sourcepos=\"42:1-56:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"42:1-44:120\"><strong>Data structure selection<\/strong>:<br \/><ul data-sourcepos=\"43:5-44:120\"><li data-sourcepos=\"43:5-43:89\">For each user, we can use a<strong>double-ended queue<\/strong>(collections.deque works well in Python) to store every transaction in the past minute and the past hour in the<strong>timestamp<\/strong>The<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"44:5-44:120\">Or, more efficiently, we could maintain two counters for each user: last_minute_count and last_hour_count, and combine them with a timestamped queue to dynamically adjust both counts. When a new transaction comes in, update the counter; when an old transaction expires, decrease the counter.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"45:1-48:29\"><strong>Sliding window logic<\/strong>:<br \/><ul data-sourcepos=\"46:5-48:29\"><li data-sourcepos=\"46:5-46:24\">When a new transaction is received, its timestamp is recorded.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"47:5-47:69\">Iterate through both queues (or timestamps) for each user, removing all timestamps<strong>Out of the current window<\/strong>(e.g., more than a minute or an hour) of transactions. The corresponding count is updated at the same time.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"48:5-48:29\">Add the timestamp of the new transaction to the queue and update both counts.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"49:1-51:234\"><strong>anomaly detection<\/strong>:<br \/><ul data-sourcepos=\"50:5-51:234\"><li data-sourcepos=\"50:5-50:169\">After each update of the count, the current user is counted in the<strong>Within a one-minute window<\/strong>Number of transactions (<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">min<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>) and<strong>Within one hour window<\/strong>The average number of transactions (<span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">A<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">g<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">h<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">r<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">h<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">r<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord\">\/60<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>).<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"51:5-51:234\">in the event that <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">min<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">&gt;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">N<\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u00d7<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">A<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">g<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">h<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">r<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, then the user is marked as an exception. Needs to be handled <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">A<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">v<\/span><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">g<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">h<\/span><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">r<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> is zero to avoid dividing by zero errors, in which case you can set a minimum threshold, for example when <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">C<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">1<span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">min<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> Exceeding a certain absolute value is also considered an exception.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"52:1-56:0\"><strong>make superior<\/strong>:<br \/><ul data-sourcepos=\"53:5-56:0\"><li data-sourcepos=\"53:5-53:133\">Considering that the number of users can be very large, directly storing a timestamped queue of all transactions for all users would take up a lot of memory. We can consider using a fixed-size<strong>Sliding Window Array<\/strong>or better.<strong>Time series database<\/strong>(e.g., InfluxDB) to store and query data, but for interviews, an in-memory hash table plus a queue is a more straightforward solution.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"54:5-54:60\">If you are only concerned with counts and not specific transactions, you can use a more lightweight counter, such as updating the counts at fixed intervals instead of every transaction.<\/li><li data-sourcepos=\"55:5-56:0\">For real-time stream processing, you can use the<strong>window function<\/strong>(e.g. in Flink or Spark Streaming) to automatically manage sliding windows and counts.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><p data-sourcepos=\"57:1-57:143\">When writing code on the spot, candidates need to try to make variable and function names as clear and understandable as possible, and explain the logic to the interviewer while writing, emphasizing the<strong>Treatment of boundary conditions<\/strong>(e.g., user's first transaction, insufficient number of transactions in the window to compute an average, etc.) It should be specifically mentioned that for efficiency reasons, we should not traverse the entire queue each time, but rather take advantage of the nature of double-ended queues to remove only the elements at the head of the queue that have expired when the window slides.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61cb8578 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"61cb8578\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48fb152d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48fb152d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16b883e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16b883e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Interview Experience at North American Technology<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e7917f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7e7917f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3984d4bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3984d4bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/amazon-interview\/\">1. Amazon Interview Experience (Amazon Interview Experience)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76b91b8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"76b91b8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/google-interview\/\">2. Google Interview Experience<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54889c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54889c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/meta-interview\/\">3. Meta Interview Experience<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d085970 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d085970\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/oracle-interview\/\">4. Oracle interview experience (Oracle Interview Experience)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ee4bf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16ee4bf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/netflix-interview\/\">5. Netflix Interview Experience<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d36ef2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d36ef2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/twitter-interview\/\">6. Twitter Interview Experience<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4735defe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4735defe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/tesla-interview\/\">7. Tesla Interview Experience<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e42d033 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e42d033\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/tiktok-interview\/\">8. ByteDance Interview Experience<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43847bb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"43847bb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/linkedin-interview\/\">9. Linkedin Interview Experience<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3826cee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3826cee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/apple-interview\/\">10. Apple Interview Experience<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38f8985f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"38f8985f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/csoasupport.com\/en\/nvidia-interview\/\">11. NVIDIA Interview Experience<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Microsoft Interview Tips: Real Questions Answers &amp; OA Interviews Mic [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1575,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"\u5fae\u8f6f\u9762\u8bd5\u6d41\u7a0b | \u9762\u8bd5\u771f\u9898 | OA\u9762\u7ecf | \u884c\u4e3a\u9762\u8bd5 | 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